https://itslinuxfoss.com/fix-ssh-connection-refused-port-22/
Reason 1: OpenSSH is not installed
Solution: Install OpenSSH in System
Reason 2: SSH Server Not Active
Solution: Check the Active Status of SSH
Reason 3: SSH Service is Running on a Different Port
Solution: Check the SSH Port Number
Reason 4: Firewall is Blocking Port 22
Solution: Configure Firewall Through UFW Utility
.bat run by cmd run on windows =>batch language
.ps1 run by powershell CLI on windows =>powershell script
.sh run by bash shell run in linux =>Bourne-Again Shell script (bash script)
Shell is a general term including both .bat, .bash script, as well as other types of scripts such as csh, tcsh, zsh, and others.
reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUw58ogYufY
merge 兩個分支，不管如何B的蓋過A:
git merge B
git checkout --theirs *<conflict file>
實作上我在runner server上裝了docker
ubuntu默認上沒有ssh: https://linuxhint.com/configure-authorized-keys-ssh-ubuntu/
林彥成: https://linyencheng.github.io/2022/05/30/devops-gitlab-ci-and-gitlab-runner/
高見龍yt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCFFot5HnEw&list=PLBd8JGCAcUAEwyH2kT1wW2BUmcSPQzGcu&index=2
gitlab: https://gitlab.com/kaochenlong/shopping-cat-v2 (已有fork到自己的repo)
doc.gitlab variables: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/variables/predefined_variables.html
cloud server: aws / gcp / digitalOcean
ssh username@ip // 連線到遠端機
uname -a // 印出當前機器的環境(ex: darwin, ubuntu...)，是linux指令
用自己的runner設定:
1. install gitlab runner on server (maybe cloud server)
2. use "gitlab runner register" cmd to register it to gitlab project
3. add runner tag in gitlab-ci.yml
接著
4. testing: 先在runner環境上裝docker，根據test code使用的技術安裝相關的image，例如deno
5.built(built image)
用Dockerfile打包，寫法參考https://philipzheng.gitbook.io/docker_practice/dockerfile/instructions，可配合.dockerignore忽略不用打包的檔案
FROM node:lts-alpine3.17 (我猜這樣寫)WORKDIR /app (表示希望在image裡面建立一個/app的資料夾)
COPY . /app (表示複製當前位置全部到/app的資料夾，全部但不包含.dockerignore所提及的)EXPOSE 8000 (application開起來時的port)RUN npm i (我猜這樣寫)RUN npm run build (我猜這樣寫)
寫好Dockerfile後
docker build -t <生成的image_name> . // -t表示要命名，.表示在當前目錄(尋找dockerfile)
** runner沒有權限執行docker，可以在runner機器上用usermod -aG docker gitlab-runer
6.publish(push image to gitlab registry)(optional)
7.deploy_to_dev
利用ssh-keygen指令建立一組public key-private key，連線到正式機，在authorized_keys檔案裡加入公鑰=> vi authorized_keys
在gitlab 平台>設定>cicd>變數 加入 1.私鑰 2.正式機ip 3.連線的usernae
before_script:
- eval $(ssh-agent -s)
- ssh-add <(echo "$SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY") //把echo出來的內容家到ssh-add裡
script: - scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ./docker-compose.yml $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_URL:$HOME
- ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_URL " docker compose down && docker compose up -d " // ""裡是成功連線後要執行的指令
// 有了公私鑰的關係才能進行連線// ssh-agent: 進行公鑰驗證時，讓遠端主機可以存取儲存您的私人鑰匙(啟動ssh-agent)// ssh-agent — OpenSSH authentication agent// ssh-add — adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication
agent// -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no 這段是避免第一次連線時跳出詢問"是否確定要連線到那台機器"
// scp: Secure Copy主機間進行加密安全的複製
8.deploy_to_staging9.environment 這個寫法可以把deploy的網址跟名稱存在gitlab > Deployments > Environments裡，如下environment:
name: dev
url: http://localhost:3000
10.用樣板繼承方式讓deploy_to_dev和deploy_to_staging看起來更簡潔
樣板job名稱前面通常會加.，表示為樣板，不能單獨執行會壞掉寫法如下
.deploy:
variables:
SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY: ""
SERVER_USER: ""
SERVER_URL: ""
HOME: ""
ENV: ""
APP_PORT: ""
before_script:
- eval $(ssh-agent -s)
- ssh-add <(echo "$SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY")
script:
- scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no ./docker-compose.yml $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_URL:$HOME
- ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_URL "
export COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=$ENV
export APP_PORT=$APP_PORT
docker compose down &&
docker compose up -d
"
environment:
name: $ENV
url: http://$SERVER_URL:$APP_PORT
deploy-to-dev:
stage: deploy_to_dev
extends: .deploy
variables:
SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY: $DEV_SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY
SERVER_USER: $DEV_SERVER_USER
SERVER_URL: $DEV_SERVER_URL
ENV: dev
HOME: /root
APP_PORT: 3000
11. 手動執行job: 加上when:manual
如下
deploy-to-do:
stage: deploy_to_production
needs:
- run-test-on-staging
extends: .deploy
when: manual
variables:
SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY: $DEV_SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY
SERVER_USER: $DEV_SERVER_USER
SERVER_URL: $DEV_SERVER_URL
ENV: production-do
HOME: /root
APP_PORT: 80
12. artifacts 例如:run-tests:
stage: testing
image: denoland/deno:latest
script:
- deno test > test-report.txt
artifacts:
paths:
- test-report.txt
expire_in: "30 days"
https://www.theserverside.com/blog/Coffee-Talk-Java-News-Stories-and-Opinions/Dockerfile-vs-docker-compose-Whats-the-difference
Dockerfile 寫好這個才能用docker
docker-compose.yml 把原本的docker相關指令寫在這裡面，然後用docker-compose up 一起執行
關閉時用docker-compose down，要背景執行的話加 -d
example: https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/
docker run -p 80:8000 -d registry.gitlab.com/xxx/xxx (image path)
// -d: 背景執行
// 我的本地3000對到遠端機的8000
這個指令改寫成 docker-compose.yml 如下
version: "3.9" (意義就像package.json裡會有的版號)
services:
cat:
image: registry.gitlab.com/xxx/xxx
ports:
- 80:8000
restart: always
cat $abc > test.txt // 把變數abc的內容寫入test.txt裡
pm2
https://pm2.keymetrics.io/
https://s103071049.coderbridge.io/2021/08/12/nginx-pm2/
選用 Executor ：
ref: https://chengweichen.com/2021/03/gitlab-ci-executor.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54761464/how-to-use-if-else-condition-on-gitlabci/55464100#55464100
https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#rules
业界所说的 shell 通常都是指 shell 脚本，但读者朋友要知道，shell 和 shell script 是两个不同的概念。
在一般情况下，人们并不区分 Bourne Shell 和 Bourne Again Shell，所以，像 #!/bin/sh，它同样也可以改为 #!/bin/bash。
https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-shell.html
https://dev.to/kristijankanalas/gitlab-ci-cd-for-npm-packages-4ncj